Valuation Multiples Explained: EV/EBITDA, P/E, EV/Revenue & More
Imagine two companies. This is a hypothetical comparison used purely to illustrate the concept. Company A generates $500M in revenue and $100M in EBITDA —…
Vivek Iyer27 min readFinance
Vivek Iyer27 min read
Net Debt: How Debt and Cash Affect Enterprise Value and Equity Value
Imagine two companies generate exactly the same EBITDA. This is a hypothetical comparison used purely to illustrate the concept. Company A has $100M in EBITDA,…
Vivek Iyer26 min read
M&A Financial Modeling: How Companies Analyze Acquisitions, Synergies, Financing, and Deal Returns
Company A wants to buy Company B. Company B generates $100 million in revenue and $20 million in EBITDA. Company A’s leadership believes the deal…
Vivek Iyer24 min read
FP&A: How Companies Actually Plan and Manage Money
A company starts the year with a plan: $10 million in revenue, $7 million in operating costs, $3 million in operating profit. Clean numbers on…
Vivek Iyer28 min read
CAC & LTV Explained: How Customer Acquisition Cost and Lifetime Value Determine Whether a Business Can Actually Scale
A startup spends $100,000 acquiring customers this quarter. Revenue from those new customers comes in at $250,000. On the surface, that looks like an excellent…
Vivek Iyer23 min read
Financial Modeling Explained: How Financial Models Work, What They Include, and How to Build One From Scratch
Imagine a startup expects to generate $1 million in revenue next year. That sounds impressive on a pitch deck. But the number on its own…
Vivek Iyer23 min read
Business Finance Explained: Revenue, Profit, EBITDA, Cash Flow, Burn Rate, Runway & Unit Economics
What Is Business Finance? Business finance is the practice of understanding how money actually moves through a company — what comes in, what goes out,…
Vivek Iyer20 min read
Finance Explained: A Complete Guide to Money, Profit, Cash Flow, Debt, and Investing
A business can generate a million dollars in sales this year and still run out of cash before the year ends. A person can earn…
Vivek Iyer18 min read
Product-Market Fit Explained: How Startups Know When Customers Actually Want Their Product
What Is Product-Market Fit? Product-market fit (PMF) is the state where a specific product genuinely satisfies a specific market’s real, significant demand — not a…
Vivek Iyer16 min read
Why “Everyone” Is the Wrong Customer for Your Startup
What Is an ICP? An Ideal Customer Profile (ICP) is a specific, evidence-based description of the customer a business is best positioned to serve profitably…
Vivek Iyer16 min read