WACC Explained: Formula, Worked Example & Excel Calculator
Introduction: Why a Profitable Investment Can Still Destroy Value A packaging manufacturer spends $20 million on a new production line. The line earns $1.4 million…
Vivek Iyer15 min readFinance
Vivek Iyer15 min read
Quality of Earnings: Is a Company’s Profit Sustainable?
Introduction: Why Reported Profit Does Not Always Tell the Full Story Picture a buyer three weeks from signing. The target, a fast-growing industrial supplier, reports…
Vivek Iyer17 min read
Treasury Management: How Companies Control Cash and Risk
Introduction: Why Having Cash Is Not the Same as Controlling Cash Picture a hypothetical multinational manufacturer reporting $120 million of cash on its consolidated balance…
Vivek Iyer24 min read
Capital Budgeting Explained: Methods, NPV, IRR & Examples
Why Businesses Cannot Invest in Every Opportunity Imagine a mid-sized packaging company with $1.5 million available this year. The operations team wants a new production…
Vivek Iyer19 min read
Cash Flow Forecasting: How Businesses Predict Cash Shortfalls
Introduction: Why Profitable Businesses Still Run Out of Cash Picture a hypothetical manufacturer that closes the quarter with $1.2 million in revenue and a healthy…
Vivek Iyer19 min read
Working Capital Management: How Businesses Protect Cash Flow
Introduction A company can report a profit every quarter and still miss payroll. Profit is an accounting result. Cash is what pays suppliers, staff, rent…
Vivek Iyer17 min read
FP&A Explained: How Businesses Plan, Forecast, and Grow
Most companies don’t struggle because they lack data. They struggle because nobody turned the data into a decision before the moment passed. FP&A, short for…
Vivek Iyer21 min read
Diluted Shares Explained: Formulas, Examples & Cap Tables
Ask a company how many shares it has and the answer depends on who is asking and why. The number on the cover of a…
Daniel Carter16 min read
Enterprise Value vs Equity Value: What Is a Company Really Worth?
Enterprise Value vs Equity Value: What Is a Company Really Worth? Ask three people what a company is worth and you may get three different…
Daniel Carter18 min read
Valuation Multiples Explained: EV/EBITDA, P/E, EV/Revenue & More
Imagine two companies. This is a hypothetical comparison used purely to illustrate the concept. Company A generates $500M in revenue and $100M in EBITDA —…
Vivek Iyer27 min read